Matrix exponential. Equivalent to expm::expm(x, method, order) in R. The methods are "Higham08.b" (the
default), "Higham08", "Pade", "Taylor", "PadeO" and "TaylorO".
"Higham08.b" and "Higham08" use the scaling and squaring method with Padé approximants of degree 3, 5, 7, 9 or
13 (Higham 2005), with or without balancing first, and throw if a linear system of the method is computationally
singular. The other methods use scaling and squaring with a Taylor polynomial or a diagonal Padé approximant of
degree order (the Padé quotient by the conjugate gradient squared method, as expm does).
Matrix exponential. Equivalent to
expm::expm(x, method, order)in R. The methods are"Higham08.b"(the default),"Higham08","Pade","Taylor","PadeO"and"TaylorO"."Higham08.b"and"Higham08"use the scaling and squaring method with Padé approximants of degree 3, 5, 7, 9 or 13 (Higham 2005), with or without balancing first, and throw if a linear system of the method is computationally singular. The other methods use scaling and squaring with a Taylor polynomial or a diagonal Padé approximant of degreeorder(the Padé quotient by the conjugate gradient squared method, as expm does).